Click Fraud: A Guide to Protecting Your Pay-Per-Click Campaign

Click fraud is the latest 'hot topic' circulating theissue" says John Slade, Yahoo's senior director for
online marketing arena, but what is it? And howglobal product management.
does it affect you as a merchant running a"Google strives to detect every invalid click that
pay-per-click campaign?passes through its system" says Shuman
Spending on Internet advertising is growing fasterGhosemajumder, the Google manager for trust
than any other sector of the advertising industryand safety. "It's absolutely in our best interest for
and is expected to surge from $12.5 billion lastadvertisers to have confidence in this industry."
year to $29 billion by 2010 in the U.S. alone,As a positive for the future, Google is currently
according to the researcher eMarketer Inc. Withtesting a cost-per-action (CPA) platform, which
around 50% of this spending being spent onshould effectively deal with click fraud. With CPA
pay-per-click (PPC) advertising.ads you don't pay by the click but instead pay
Here we offer you a complete guide as to whatwhen the customer reaches a certain goal: buys a
this phenomenon is, who is likely to commit suchproduct, fills an enquiry, etc.
an act, how to identify & prevent click fraudHow to identify click fraud on your pay-per-click
and how to best report instances of suspectedcampaign
click fraud on your PPC campaign.Before you can even contemplate identifying click
What is Click Fraud?fraud you must have effective tracking tools
According to Wikipedia "Click fraud is a type ofimplemented on your website and, if possible,
internet crime that occurs in pay per click onlineaccess to your server logs. With tracking tools in
advertising when a person, automated script, orplace, the most obvious way of spotting click
computer program imitates a legitimate user of afraud is to simply observe any spikes in traffic
web browser clicking on an ad, for the purpose ofwhere there is no particular shift in your
generating a charge per click without having actualconversions.
interest in the target of the ad's link"Once identified, these spikes can then be analysed
Click Fraud is estimated to range from 5% - 15%by looking for repeated clicks from sources that
of pay-per-click traffic (some estimates are aslook similar. This similarity could be an IP address
high as 20% - 35%) although Google estimatesor an IP range; it could be a combination of IP
click fraud at only 2% due to the rigorousrange; browser version; operating system.
detection methods they claim are in place.Basically look for data in groups that looks
In a recent study by Click Forensics, click fraudfraudulent.
reached a new high of 14.2% in the last quarterIf all this is just 'a bit too heavy' for you then
of 2006 with the average rate of click fraud onthere are a number of companies out there that
'content networks' as high as 19.2% for the samecan help.
quarter.- AdWatcher - claims to able to spot click fraud
So who is likely to commit Click Fraud?so that you can report it. Covers other aspects
The click fraud villain is most likely to fall into oneof PPC marketing, by helping you track your ROI,
of three categories:email success, etc.
- Online vandals with nothing better to do than- Click Auditor - offers the ability to check
cause a nuisancewhether your competitors IP is the one
- A competitor clicking on your search networkperforming any abusive clicking, and says it will
PPC ads, with the sole intention of increasing yourstealthily gather your competitors IP addresses
cost-per-acquisition (CPA). This could befor this purpose.
interpreted as click fraud, although currently the- ClickSentinel - focuses on helping you get
search engines do not consider this kind ofrefunds on fraudulent clicks, as requesting a
activity as click fraudrefund from your PPC provider can often be
- Search Engine advertising affiliates who generatevery difficult for the un-initiated.
self-income from fraudulent clicks on 'content- Click Tracks - reportedly has automatic click
network' adverts displayed on their own websites.fraud reporting along with other click tracking
This practice, at it's extreme, involves the use of(analytics) tools.
unscrupulous 'paid to read' or PTR sites, which areReporting suspected Click Fraud
basically click-fraud rings, some with hundreds orWhen reporting suspected click fraud, you must
thousands of participants, paid to click on yourinclude as much captured data as possible to
ads with no regard for your return on investmentincrease your likelihood of obtaining a refund or
(ROI) as the advertisercredit.
What are the Search Engines doing about it?The following guidelines are recommended:
Both Google and Yahoo claim that they filter out- Clearly state, at the very beginning of your
most fraudulent clicks. The costs involved forclaim, that you are reporting suspected click fraud
these clicks are either not charged or are- Provide a full explanation to support your claim
reimbursed to advertisers who have been- Include your account details (do not include your
wrongly billed.password or payment information)
To combat click fraud Google applies four layers- State the exact keyword, ad and campaign
of fraud detection:where you suspect click fraud has occurred
- State the exact time, date and IP address of
1. Automatic detection - this filters clicks fromeach instance of suspected click fraud. This data
both the search and content networks in real-timecan be gleaned from your server logs or 3rd
with the goal of removing them before theirparty tracking tool
existence is ever shown to the advertiser- Finally, state whether you are requesting a
2. The "Flagging system" - an automatic processrefund, credit or investigation
to remove invalid AdSense clicksIf you were using any software tools, such as
3. The "Manual review" - this process has morethose highlighted earlier, to help you track and
than two-dozen Google employees tasked withreport click fraud then include any reports
manually reviewing and removing any suspiciousgenerated by these in your claim.
AdSense clicksLowering the risk of Click Fraud happening to you!
4. If the first three layers of protection fail thenAlways bear in mind that your PPC objective is to
the fourth and final layer of click fraud detectionget conversions and not just clicks.
falls to the advertiser and 3rd party click fraudThe more you have researched the
detection companies. Google refers to this layerdemographics of your intended client base the
as "requested investigations"better your chance of avoiding click fraud. Are
Googles main aim is that the first three layers ofyour clients from a specific country or location?
filtering will identify all invalid and fraudulent clicks.When are they likely to search for your product
These layers currently filter more than 98% ofor service? What are the key search-terms they
invalid clicks.are using?
And should you be in any doubt, both Google andWith demographic data in-hand you can target
Yahoo have, in the past, released the followingyour ad campaigns more effectively and lower
statements:your risk of click fraud.
"We think click fraud is a serious but manageable